What are the nausea and vomiting?
Nausea and vomiting are most often acute and mild cause. They may be short-lived (acute vomiting) or repeated for more than 7 days (chronic vomiting).
The acute vomiting are the most common:
• The gastroenteritisis the most common cause of acute nausea and vomiting. In winter, gastroenteritis is most often of viral origin and occurs in epidemics with moderate fever, stomach pain and especially diarrhea. In summer and especially during a trip, gastroenteritis may be related to a bacterial infection and may be accompanied by a higher fever, profuse fluid diarrhea, especially during salmonellosis and cholera, or loose stools with blood (shigellosis, amoebiasis ...).
• " Motion sickness " is a classic cause of nausea and vomiting.
• Some drugs may cause nausea and vomiting: some anti-cancer drugs, opioid-type painkillers, certain antibiotics, ergot derivatives, theophylline, digitalis, levodopa, quinine, salicylates. high doses.
• Excessive consumption of alcohol is of course a classic cause, but the risk is that of "false route", that is to say of regurgitation of vomiting in the respiratory tract with a risk of serious infections.
• Consumption of spoiled food (food poisoning) regularly causes nausea and vomiting, as well as excessive intake of food which is then responsible for indigestion.
• A painintense may, by itself, cause vomiting.
• Waking up after surgery may be accompanied by vomiting. They are due to both intervention and anesthetic products.
• Finally, disgust or bad smells can cause vomiting.
A number of potentially serious illnesses are accompanied by acute nausea and vomiting, but these then become part of a richer presentation with other signs.
• This is the case of migraine with its characteristic headaches ("headaches").
• Meningitisis a source of vomiting, but it is associated with severe headaches, fever, and "painful meningeal stiffness" that is evident when flexing the neck or flexing the body of the lower extremities in extension.
• Bowel obstruction manifests itself first and foremost by abdominal pain that develops in colic of increasing intensity. There may be a contracture of the belly wall during his palpation and the belly "gargoyle" significantly: these water-related sounds correspond to contractions intestinal loops that seek to fight against the obstruction of the intestinal tract.
• Vaginal discomfort with loss of consciousness may be accompanied by nausea and vomiting.
In this context, as in the presence of a malaise with pain in the chest, do not hesitate to evoke a myocardial infarction.
• After head trauma, sudden vomiting can occur in isolation within 48 hours, indicating intracranial hyperpressure that is related to bleeding and hematoma inside the cranial box. This is an emergency.
In the winter, beware of carbon monoxide poisoning, which can be caused by the malfunction of a heater, with headaches, dizziness, blurred vision and even loss. of knowledge.
In the face of chronic vomiting , it is necessary to evoke other causes.
• Pregnancy is the most common cause of nausea and vomiting: almost one in two women is affected during the first trimester of pregnancy. For 50% to 80% of women, nausea and vomiting gradually disappear around 12 to 14 weeks of pregnancy, but they may reappear at the end.
• Anorexia nervosa, and its corollary, bulimia are accompanied by chronic vomiting but are provoked.
• If the vomiting is accompanied by a deterioration of the general condition, mention must be made of other causes involving a narrowing of the digestive tract such as cancer of the intestine or cancer of a neighboring organ that compresses the body. intestine.
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